Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Research Articles

Techno-economic and life cycle assessment of the integration of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage in the polygeneration system (BECCS-PS) for producing green electricity and methanol

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) has the potential to produce negative emissions. This study assessed the overall energy efficiency and carbon dioxide (CO2) avoidance costs and emission footprint following the integration of BECCS with a polygeneration system (BECCS-PS) for the co-production of green electricity and methanol. The process was simulated in Aspen Plus and Aspen HYSYS v.11. Oil palm empty fruit bunches were used as the feed in a biomass integrated gasification combined cycle power plant. The flue gas, which contained CO2, was captured for methanol synthesis and carbon storage. Green hydrogen for use in methanol synthesis was produced through proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis powered by solar PV (PV-PEM) and geothermal power with double-flash technology (GEO-PEM). The environmental impacts of the process were investigated by a life cycle assessment and the economic aspects were evaluated using the levelized cost method. The overall system efficiency was higher in the PV-PEM scenario than in the GEO-PEM scenario. For any production capacities, the green electricity generated from the BECCS-PS plant resulted in negative emissions. A biomass power plant with a low production capacity generated higher production and CO2 avoidance costs than that with a larger production capacity. The CO2 − eq emissions and costs for methanol production in the PV-PEM scenario were larger than those in the GEO-PEM scenario, with values of -0.83 to -0.70 kg CO2 − eq/kg MeOH and 1,191–1,237 USD/ton, respectively. The corresponding values were − 1.65 to -1.52 kg CO2 − eq/kg MeOH and 918–961 USD/ton, respectively, for the GEO-PEM scenario.Graphical

Continuous decentralized hydrogen production through alkaline water electrolysis powered by an oxygen-enriched air integrated biomass gasification combined cycle

This research work presents an innovative approach for continuous decentralized production of renewable hydrogen from woody biomass. Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) is used to produce high-purity hydrogen, while the oxygen by-product is mixed with ambient air and used to fire a biomass-fueled downdraft gasifier in order to produce an upgraded producer gas with a lower heating value (LHV) between 7–8 MJ/Nm3. This fuel gas is then subjected to a conditioning stage and eventually fed to a combined cycle consisting of a recuperative gas turbine as topping unit and a regenerative subcritical organic Rankine cycle as bottoming unit, which together allow for a combined electric power generation efficiency close to 40%. Most of the net AC power from the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is rectified to DC power and ultimately used to power an alkaline electrolyzer, with a minor share allocated to all the required utilities and ancillary equipment, including hydrogen compression to 200 bar. The results from simulation of the hybrid IGCC-AWE plant under steady-state operating conditions in Aspen Plus V.11 indicate an optimal efficiency of 17.6% based on the LHV of hydrogen. Thus, if sized for a biomass consumption of 1 t/h, the proposed plant is capable of providing around 26 kg/h of compressed hydrogen at 200 bar.

Investigation on oxy-fuel biomass integrated gasification combined cycle system with flue gas as gasifying agent

A biomass integrated gasification combined cycle with oxy-fuel combustion technology is established to realize negative CO2 emissions in power plants. CO2 and H2O from flue gas are adopted as gasifying agents in the proposed system. The effects of gas turbine pressure ratio and inlet temperature with increasing CO2/C on the system performance are studied using Aspen Plus. The results show that as CO2/C increases, the concentration of CO in the syngas first increases and subsequently decreases. The concentration of H2 and the lower heating value of syngas decrease monotonously as CO2/C increases. The system efficiency increases when the CO2/C value, gas turbine pressure ratio, and gas turbine inlet temperature increase, and the influence of the inlet temperature is more significant than that of pressure ratio. When CO2/C, gas turbine pressure ratio, and inlet temperature are 1.0, 20, and 1150 °C, respectively, the energy efficiency reaches 29.1%, and the corresponding exergy efficiency and net power output are 28.4% and 116 MW. Levelized cost of electricity is estimated to be 0.17 $/kWh in the system. The performance results obtained in this study can provide theoretical support for the application of biomass integrated gasification combined cycle with oxy-fuel combustion technology.

High-efficient and carbon-free biomass power generation hybrid system consisting of chemical looping air separation and semi-closed supercritical CO2 cycle with a bottoming organic Rankine cycle

Herein, a novel biomass power generation system, comprising of CO2-assisted gasification unit, chemical looping air separation (CLAS) unit, semi-closed supercritical CO2 (sCO2) cycle with the bottoming ORC unit, was proposed to overcome the problems of low-efficiency and high-pollution rendered by traditional biomass utilization method. And the heat integration between those subunits was well designed based on the principle of energy cascade utilization. The sensitive analysis was carried out to clarify the reasons behind thermodynamic performance variation, and the optimized net power efficiency reached 38.76% when the CO2/C ratio was 0.25, gasification temperature was 830 °C, sCO2 turbine inlet temperature and pressure were 1200 °C and 300 bar respectively, which was superior to 28.01% of biomass integrated gasification combined cycle system. In addition, the exergy analysis found that modification efforts should be exerted on CLAS and sCO2 compression pump, whose exergy destruction were 7.58 MW and 5.15 MW, respectively. Besides, its environmental and economic merits were obvious with the CO2 specific emission at 0.31 kg/MWh, and the levelized cost of electricity at 57.38 $/MWh. Furthermore, three typical biomasses were examined for the proposed system, the results showed that the dryer and carbon-richer biomass could benefit system thermodynamic and economic performance.

Performance evaluation of a conceptual compressed air energy storage system coupled with a biomass integrated gasification combined cycle

In this study, a novel design has been developed to improve the energy efficiency of the compressed air energy storage (CAES) system by integration with a biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) system. With the energy cascade utilization principle, the heat from the compressed air cooling is recycled by the heat regeneration system of the BIGCC system in charging process. Besides, different from the normal CAES system, in discharging process, the compressed air from the air storage vessel is set into the combustor of the BIGCC system directly after being heated by the bypass flue, which is arranged in parallel at the heat recovery steam generator of the BIGCC system. By such incorporation, the heat storage equipment can be saved and the electricity consumed by the air compressor of the BIGCC system can be reduced, thus the energy efficiency of the CAES system can be improved. Energy, exergy, economic, and sensitivity analyses were applied to evaluate the performance of the integrated system. The results of the analyses show that with the integration, the round-trip efficiency and exergy efficiency of the CAES system can reach 88.43% and 64.28%, respectively. Besides, the overall efficiency of the coupled system improves by 0.35%.

Simulation of a new biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) power generation system using Aspen Plus: Performance analysis and energetic assessment

A new biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC), which featured an innovative two-stage enriched air gasification system coupling a fluidized bed with a swirl-melting furnace, was proposed and built for clean and efficient biomass utilization. The performance of biomass gasification and power generation under various operating conditions was assessed using a comprehensive Aspen Plus model for system optimization. The model was validated by pilot-scale experimental data and gas turbine regulations, showing good agreement. Parameters including oxygen percentage of enriched air (OP), gasification temperature, excess air ratio and compressor pressure ratio were studied for BIGCC optimization. Results showed that increase OP could effectively improve syngas quality and two-stage gasification efficiency, enhancing the gas turbine inlet and outlet temperature. The maximum BIGCC fuel utilization efficiency could be obtained at OP of 40%. Increasing gasification temperature showed a negative effect on the two-stage gasification performance. For efficient BIGCC operation, the excess air ratio should be below 3.5 to maintain a designed gas turbine inlet temperature. Modest increase of compressor pressure ratio favored the power generation. Finally, the BIGCC energy analysis further proved the rationality of system design and sufficient utilization of biomass energy.

Exergoeconomic analysis of renewable multi-generation system

In this study a new multi-generation system which generates power (electricity), thermal energy (heating and cooling) and ash for agricultural needs has been developed and analysed. The system consists of a Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (BIGCC) and an absorption chiller system. The system generates about 3.4 MW electricity, 4.9 MW of heat, 88 kW of cooling and 90 kg/h of ash. The multi-generation system has been modelled using Cycle Tempo and EES. Energy, exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of this system had been conducted and exergy costs have been calculated. The exergoeconomic study shows that gasifier, combustor, and Heat Recovery Steam Generator are the main components where the total cost rates are the highest. Exergoeconomic variables such as relative cost difference (r) and exergoeconomic factor (f) have also been calculated. Exergoeconomic factor of evaporator, combustor and condenser are 1.3%, 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively, which is considered very low, indicates that the capital cost rates are much lower than the exergy destruction cost rates. It implies that the improvement of these components could be achieved by increasing the capital investment. The exergy cost of electricity produced in the gas turbine and steam turbine is 0.1050 £/kWh and 0.1627 £/kWh, respectively. The cost of ash is 0.0031 £/kg. In some Asian countries, such as Indonesia, ash could be used as fertilizer for agriculture. Heat exergy cost is 0.0619 £/kWh for gasifier and 0.3972 £/kWh for condenser in the BIGCC system. In the AC system, the exergy cost of the heat in the condenser and absorber is about 0.2956 £/kWh and 0.5636 £/kWh, respectively. The exergy cost of cooling in the AC system is 0.4706 £/kWh. This study shows that exergoeconomic analysis is powerful tool for assessing the costs of products.

Incorporation of solar-thermal energy into a gasification process to co-produce bio-fertilizer and power

Biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is attracting increased interest because it can achieve high system energy efficiency (>50%), which is predicted to increase with the increase in the solar share in biomass IGCC. This study evaluated the potential of crop residues numerically for the co-production of power and bio-fertilizer using ASPEN Plus® simulation software. The results showed that the gas yield increases with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure while the yield of bio-fertilizer is dependent on the biomass composition. The biomass with a low ash content produces high bio-fertilizer at the designated gasification temperature. The IGCC configuration conserves more energy than a directly-fired biomass power plant. In addition, the solar-assisted IGCC attains a higher net electricity output per unit of crop residue feed and achieves net thermal efficiencies of around 53%. The use of such hybrid systems offer the potential to produce 0.55 MW of electricity per unit of solar-thermal energy at a relatively low cost. The ASPEN Plus model predicted that the solar biomass-based IGCC set up is more efficient in increasing the power generation capacity than any other conversion system. The results showed that a solar to electricity efficiency of approximately 55% is achievable with potential improvements. This work will contribute for the sustainable bioenergy production as the relationship between energy production and biomass supplies very important to ensure the food security and environmental sustainability.

Conventional and advanced exergy, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analysis of a biomass integrated gasification combined cycle plant

ABSTRACTBiomass gasification for the production of clean energy and clean technology is a practical alternative to fossil fuels. In this paper, for the first time, a biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) based on olive pits as fuel is investigated by conventional and advanced exergy, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analyses (4E). Environmental impacts, availability, and interest in using olive pits as newly utilized renewable biomass sources have been considered in the present study. With conventional exergy analysis, the primary causes of entropy generation, exergy cost of destruction, and exergoenvironmental impacts in the plant can be indicated. Also, with advanced analysis, the real potential can be determined for improving the system as well as equipment interactions. The exerg environmental analysis has been performed based on Life Cycle Assessment and Eco indicator 99. In this regard, the LCA analysis based on Eco indicator 99 has been done by SIMA Pro software. Furthermore, computer code has been developed for thermodynamic simulation and conventional and advanced 4E analyses of the proposed system. It can predict the plant behavior for different operating conditions with relative errors of less than 2.5% with Thermoflex software. Results show the conventional and advanced 4E analyses and evaluation for considered biomass IGCC systems simultaneously. By the exergetic analysis, the location, values, and sources of entropy generation in the system are identified. By exergoeconomic analysis, the information about the cost in the components has been indicated in terms not only of capital investment but also of the cost of exergy. Through the exergoenvironmental analyses, it can be concluded that improving the efficiency and decreasing fossil fuel consumption are the key factors of promoting environmental characteristics. Splitting the exergy destruction, the capital investment cost, and the component-related environmental impact related to each component into endogenous/exogenous and avoidable/unavoidable parts promotes these analyses and enhances the quality of the conclusions achieved from them.

Scenario-based DEA assessment of energy-saving technological combinations in aluminum industry

This study deals with technology evaluation by employing the data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodologies from a life-cycle analysis (LCA) perspective. Aluminum production is associated with high electricity consumption. Thus, the environmental pressures of the whole production chain largely rely on the electricity generation process. This is particularly true for China, because coal-fired power generation dominates China’s electricity supply. Many of aluminum plants in China consume electricity which is directly supplied by coal-fired plants. Given these facts, LCA perspective in this study is believed to be of distinctive significance. Therefore, this paper discusses the process requiring high-energy consumption and causing high pollution from the LCA perspective and combines data envelopment analysis with LCA to evaluate and select energy-saving technological routes throughout for the complete supply chain. In total, 16 technological combinations are considered, and three models are established for different sets of efficiency indicators: energy performance indicator, energy performance indicator with undesirable output, and total performance indicator. Moreover, four scenarios with different policy considerations are designed: baseline scenario, subsidy scenario, low-carbon-price scenario, and high-carbon-price scenario. The results show that upon only considering energy input and output at the same price, a power generation mode has the greatest impact on energy consumption. After considering undesirable output, such as pollutant emissions, the technological routes including coal-fired power generation have the worst performance. Considering all inputs and outputs with the same price, the most crucial factor affecting efficiency is cost, followed by anode; subsidies have a low effect. For the four scenarios, two technological routes including a biomass-integrated gasification combined cycle power generation and inert anode rank in the top 50% decision-making units with three efficiency indices. This paper proposes an effective decision-making method for evaluating and selecting energy-saving technology routes for the aluminum industry, which can be easily applied to other sectors with similar characteristics. This provides a generic framework for a profound analysis to promote clean production and environmental sustainability.

Design of a cogeneration plant for sugar industries using renewable energy resources

Cogeneration is a broader term associated with sugar industries. Cogeneration systems serve two purposes-generate electricity from steam using waste materials obtained during industrial process and also process heat for industry itself. In order to have a significant increase in generation capacity of electricity in sugar factories, advanced cogeneration systems are used. These systems comprise of high pressure direct combustion steam rankine cycle (SRC) systems and biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIG-CC) systems. This paper focuses on the use of BIG-CC system along with bagasse and other sugarcane residues like press mud in sugar industry in India. It is found that with the increase in temperature and pressure of cogenerator, the overall power output and hence the efficiency of the cogenerator unit increases gradually. However, over 60 bar pressure, in many high pressure systems there is a requirement of special construction techniques along with the materials that can withstand the high pressure as well as high temperatures (over 450°C).

Life cycle assessment of power-generation systems based on biomass integrated gasification combined cycles

A power generation scheme based on biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) has emerged as a potentially high-efficiency and environmentally friendly power system. However, a life cycle assessment (LCA) of BIGCC systems with different technology options has not been performed to date. This study provides LCA of eight BIGCC systems, which examines technical alternatives of biomass gasification, syngas combustion, and CO2 emission control. This study uses OpenLCA software according to the CML (Center of Environmental Science of Leiden University) 2015 impact assessment method. Results show BIGCC systems’ global warming potential (GWP) is lower than 240 kg CO2-eq/MWh, which is negative when BIGCC systems integrate with CO2 capture and storage technology. Furthermore, the external syngas combustion method has lower GWP, human toxicity potential, and ozone depletion potential than the internal syngas combustion technology, and the Selexol CO2 capture process is cleaner than the MEA CO2 capture method. Moreover, sensitivity analysis illustrates plant construction and energy efficiency have larger impacts on the environmental indicators of BIGCC plants than other parameters. Finally, uncertainty analysis indicates that BIGCC systems have a high potential to reduce the emissions from the mixed electricity grid of European Union of 27 Member States (EU27).

Parametric simulation of biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) power plant using three different biomass materials

The research performed in the following paper is broadly based on combined power plant powered by biomass integrated gasification. The analysis is predominantly performed for first and second law efficiencies which examine the effects of gas inlet temperature to heat recovery steam generator and steam turbine pressure; change in biomass materials (solid waste to sugarcane bagasse) and eventually exergy loss in various components of the proposed cycle were studied so as to draw a comparison between them. The exergy loss is found to be maximum in the combustion chamber of the cycle followed by gasifier, heat recovery steam generator, gas turbine, and steam turbine, respectively. The analysis further reveals that the second law efficiency is lower than the first law efficiency for various fuels (solid waste, rice husk, and sugarcane bagasse) applied in the study. This can be interpreted due to comparatively higher exergy-based contents of syngas present in the system. Further, solid waste was seen to be a better fuel than sugarcane bagasse based on the analysis involving second law.

Comparative environmental and economic performance of solar energy integrated methanol production systems in China

Conventional coal gasification to methanol technology in China results in serious environmental problems. Therefore, a great number of studies focus on the low carbon solutions for methanol production. Our work analyzed and compared the life cycle environmental and economic performance of solar energy integrated methanol production systems in China with the aid of GaBi software. There are three methanol production routes involved in our study: conventional coal to methanol system (Baseline case), solar energy coupled with coal gasification to methanol system (Case-1), solar energy-biomass assisted CO2 hydrogenation to methanol system (Case-2). The results indicate that the environmental impacts of Case-1 and Case-2 are at least 45.7% and 57.5% smaller than the selected impact categories of baseline case, respectively. In Case-2, the utilization of biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (Bio-IGCC) with CO2 capture system leads to negative life cycle greenhouse gas emission (−1092.1 kgCO2eq/ton) of the whole system. However, in economic aspect, the methanol cost of Case-1 and Case-2 is about 3 times and 5 times that of Baseline case (1593.4 RMB/ton). If considering the average carbon tax level (500 RMB/ton CO2eq) in 2030 reported by World Bank, the Case-1 route is expected to be economic feasible in the near future, while the Case-2 is still difficult to have economic advantage compared with the Baseline case. The key to solving the cost problem of Case-2 lies in developing highly efficient photovoltaic electricity generation and biomass integrated gasification combined cycle system, decreasing the capital cost of solar photovoltaic power station, biomass integrated gasification combined cycle station and polymer electrolyte membrane modules for water electrolysis.

Techno-economic comparative analysis of Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles with and without CO2 capture

Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (BIGCC) power system is a potential application of biomass gasification technology to control CO2 emissions from power generation processes. Nevertheless, there is no study of BIGCC systems that provides detailed techno-economic comparative among its different technological alternatives. This study provides the techno-economic comparative analysis of eight BIGCC system designs that include the technology options of the biomass gasification, the power generation, and the CO2 emission control. Results show that the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of these systems is ranged from 13.1 ¢/kWh to 25.9¢/kWh. For current designs, the Selexol CO2 removal technology is more economical than the MEA CO2 capture process. Furthermore, when the biomass price is lower than 10 $/ton, the air gasification BIGCC systems can compete with the current electricity generation technology, whereas when the CO2 emission price is higher than 90 $/ton, the additional CO2 Capture and Storage technology has the potential to reduce the LCOE of BIGCC systems. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis estimates the impacts of other key economic parameters on the LCOE and Monte Carlo method is used to show the uncertainty of simulation.

Biomass Gasification based Combined Cycle Plant for Small Scale Generation: Part A-Energetic, Environmental and Economic Analyses

Energetic, environmental and economic (3-E) analyses of a small scale biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) plant are performed and reported in this current study. The plant is consists of a topping gas turbine (GT) block with fixed 500 kWe output and a bottoming steam turbine (ST) block with variable electrical output. Variations of topping cycle pressure ratio (rp=4-12) and gas turbine inlet temperature (TIT=900-1100 °C) as major plant operational parameters on the 3-E performance of the plant are measured. Base case performance (rp=4 & TIT=1000 °C) of the plant reveals that the plant can deliver electricity of about 870 kW at base case with an overall electrical efficiency of about 36.5 %. Electrical specific biomass consumption is about 0.6 kg/kWeh and specific CO2 emission is 0.93 kg/kWeh at this thermodynamic state of operation. Overall electrical efficiency increases and specific CO2 emission decreases simultaneously with increase in rp. Also higher TIT yields in better performance of the plant, in terms of efficiency and emission. Economic analysis of the plant explains that the unit cost of electricity (UCOE) value is 0.119 $/kWeh at base case. It is also observed that value of UCOE is minimized at rp=8 for all TITs. Also at higher TIT, the plant offers lower values of UCOE for considered range of pressure ratio.

Integrated Biomass Gasification Combined Cycle Plant for Small Scale Generation: Part B- Exergetic and Exergo-economic Analyses

This part of the paper deals with the exergetic and exergo-economic analyses of a small scale biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) plant. Basic configuration and operational parameters are same as those considered in Part A of the paper. Exergy analysis is conducted to analyze the component exergy destruction for identification of major exergy destroying components and for their exergy efficiency calculations. However, exergo-economic analysis investigates the effect of plant operating parameters on the fuel and product exergy cost rate(cf and cp), relative cost difference (rk), exergo-economic factor (f) and unit product cost (cp-plant) of the plants. Exergy analysis of the plant shows that an enormous amount of exergy is lost at the gasifier and at the combustion chamber. At higher TITs, exergy efficiency of the major plant components is higher, indicating a better exergetic performance of the plant at elevated TITs. Exergo-economic study indicates that the values of rk, f and unit product cost are 189.69 %, 62.13% and 0.0058 $/MJ at the base case (rp=4 & TIT=1000 °C). Also the value of these parameters increases with increase in rp, for all TITs. However, higher TIT yields in better exergo-economic performance of plant for considered range of rp values.

A comparative study of biomass integrated gasification combined cycle power systems: Performance analysis

The Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (BIGCC) power system is believed to potentially be a highly efficient way to utilize biomass to generate power. However, there is no comparative study of BIGCC systems that examines all the latest improvements for gasification agents, gas turbine combustion methods, and CO2 Capture and Storage options. This study examines the impact of recent advancements on BIGCC performance through exergy analysis using Aspen Plus. Results show that the exergy efficiency of these systems is ranged from 22.3% to 37.1%. Furthermore, exergy analysis indicates that the gas turbine with external combustion has relatively high exergy efficiency, and Selexol CO2 removal method has low exergy destruction. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis shows that the system exergy efficiency is more sensitive to the initial temperature and pressure ratio of the gas turbine, whereas has a relatively weak dependence on the initial temperature and initial pressure of the steam turbine.

Integration of greenhouse gas control technologies within the energy, water and food nexus to enhance the environmental performance of food production systems

The sustainability of food production systems is inherently linked with energy, water and food (EWF) resources directly and in-directly throughout their lifecycle. The understanding of the interdependencies between the three resource sectors in the context of food production can provide a measurable account for resource requirements, while meeting food security objectives. The energy, water and food Nexus tool developed by the authors has been designed to model the inter-dependency between energy, water and food resources, whilst conducting an environmental assessment of product systems. With emphasis on the inter-linkages between EWF resources, the tool quantifies material flows, natural resource and energy consumption at component unit process level. This work integrates greenhouse gas control and waste to power technologies within the energy, water and food Nexus tool and evaluates the environmental impact of a hypothetical food product system designed to deliver a perceived level of food self-sufficiency (40%) for the State of Qatar. Multiple system configurations, representative of different pathways for the delivery of consistent food products are evaluated, transforming a once linear product system into a circular design. The sub-systems added consist of a biomass integrated gasification combined cycle which recycles solid waste into useful forms of energy that can be re-used within the nexus. In addition, a carbon capture sub-system is integrated to capture and recycle CO2 from both the fossil fuel powered and the biomass integrated gasification combined cycle energy sub-systems. The integration of carbon capture with the biomass integrated gasification combined cycle transforms the carbon neutral biomass integrated gasification combined cycle process to a negative greenhouse gas emission technology known as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage. For the different scenarios and sub-system configurations considered, the global warming potential can be theoretically balanced (reduced by ∼98%) through the integration of photovoltaics, biomass integrated gasification combined cycle and carbon capture technologies. The peak global warming potential, i.e. a fully fossil fuel dependent system, is recorded at 1.73 × 109 kg CO2 eq./year whilst the lowest achievable global warming potential is 2.18 × 107 kg CO2 eq./year when utilising a combination of photovoltaics, carbon capture integrated with combined cycle gas turbine in addition to the integrated negative emission achieving system. The natural gas consumption is reduced by 7.8 × 107 kg/year in the best case configuration, achieving a credit. In the same scenario, the photovoltaics land footprint required is calculated to a maximum of 660 ha. The maximum theoretically achievable negative emission is 1.09 × 109 kg CO2/year.

Energy and exergy analyses of an integrated biomass gasification combined cycle employing solid oxide fuel cell and organic Rankine cycle

In this study, an advanced combined cycle-based power generation system, integrating biomass gasification with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) module and an organic vapor turbine, has been modeled and analyzed. The thermodynamic model has been developed by integrating the component models through customized codes written using engineering equation solver software. Both energetic and exergetic analyses of the proposed system have been conducted under varying design and operating parameters to assess their effects on the performance of the proposed system. The study reveals that the integrated system yields a maximum overall energetic efficiency of 41.13%, occurring at a pressure ratio of 2.5 for the compressor. The gasifier is the component responsible for maximum exergy destruction (accounting for 32.36% of fuel exergy input), followed by the heat recovery vapor generator and the SOFC.